DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2026_2_192

Surface modification of dental implants: processing techniques, clinical advantages and comparative analysis

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Authors

  • S.S. Ivanov 1, assistant at the Oral and maxillofacial surgery Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-4058-1706
  • L.L. Borozdkin 2, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Maxillofacial surgery Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-6403-2621
  • K.A. Scherbakov 3, leading engineer of Bionanophotonics Lab
    ORCID: 0009-0001-5626-9733
  • D.I. Tselikov 3, assistant, engineer of Bionanophotonics Lab
    ORCID: 0009-0002-6454-9353
  • S.M. Klimentov 3, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, leading researher, head of Center of Bionanomedicine
    ORCID: 0000-0002-3632-4096
  • D.D. Krasner 2, postgraduate at the Maxillofacial surgery Department
    ORCID: 0009-0005-0754-8284
  • 1 RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
  • 3 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 115409, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Despite the abundance of dental implant surface modification methods, a gap exists between their laboratory efficacy and the level of evidence-based clinical data, complicating the selection of the optimal technology for specific clinical scenarios. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of modern surface modification methods (chemical etching, anodization, plasma spraying, laser treatment, nanotechnology) by evaluating their clinical advantages, limitations, and application prospects based on a systematic literature review.
Materials and methods.
An analysis of publications from 2015—2025 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, and RSCI databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select peer-reviewed articles, including original research, reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials.
Results.
It was established that each method creates a surface with unique parameters (micro- and nanotopography, chemical composition, bioactivity), which determines the differences in their clinical efficacy. Chemical etching and anodization demonstrate high osseointegration and are supported by long-term studies. Plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite is effective in complex cases but carries risks of coating degradation. Laser treatment and nanotechnology offer the highest precision and multifunctionality but require further long-term clinical studies.
Conclusions.
The choice of a surface modification method should be based on considering its evidence-based advantages and limitations for specific clinical conditions. Future development prospects are associated with the combination of technologies and the creation of intelligent surfaces with controllable properties. The integration of advanced methods into practice requires the development of standards and long-term randomized studies.

Key words:

dental implants, surface modification, osseointegration, chemical etching, anodization, plasma spraying, laser treatment, nanotechnology, biocompatibility

For Citation

[1]
Ivanov S.S., Borozdkin L.L., Scherbakov K.A., Tselikov D.I., Klimentov S.M., Krasner D.D. Surface modification of dental implants: processing techniques, clinical advantages and comparative analysis. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2026; 29 (2): 192—201. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2026_2_192

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Received

August 29, 2025

Accepted

June 23, 2026

Published on

July 4, 2026