Investigation of the effect of chondroitin sulfate in intramuscular administration on reparative osteogenesis in an in vivo experiment

Abstract

Against the background of an ever-growing social demand for comprehensive dental treatment for edentulism, the problem of full (complete) rehabilitation of orthopedic patients after dental implantation attracts special attention. Currently, patients with bone atrophy, low osteogenic potential, as well as other predictors of dental implant disintegration, including endocrine diseases, remain at risk. A broad evidence base for the effectiveness of chondroitin sulfate in interdisciplinary medical practice as a chondro- and osteoprotector suggests the possibility of expanding the boundaries of its use in clinical orthopedic dentistry to improve the prognosis of implant osseointegration. Aims. An experimental study of the effect of chondroitin sulfate on reparative osteogenesis during intravenous administration.
Materials and methods.
A monocortical defect was created in 40 female Wistar rats of different ages — marginal resection of the tibia was performed, the healing of which took place under a blood clot. On the day of surgery and for 29 days, animals were intramuscularly injected with saline or chondroitin sulfate every other day. Depending on the age and the drug, the subjects were divided into 4 equal groups: I — young females receiving saline; II — young females receiving chondroitin sulfate; III — menopausal rats receiving saline; IV — menopausal rats receiving chondroitin sulfate. At the time of 8, 12 and 16 weeks, the rats were removed from the experiment, followed by sampling of the tibia from the site of the defect. After the preparation was made, it was studied under a light microscope for the condition of bone tissue.
Results.
Administration of chondroitin sulfate to young animals initiated the process of neosteogenesis at an earlier time (after 8 weeks). Similar processes were recorded only after 12 weeks in menopausal rats and in control groups I and III. After 16 weeks, the bone defect was closed in all groups by an organotypically correct cortical bone of a lamellar structure with formed osteones, cementation lines, and a bone marrow canal with bone marrow, however, the degree of bone tissue maturity was more pronounced in groups II and IV.
Conclusions.
The obtained results indicate the osteoreparative potential of chondroitin sulfate in the early stages after surgery, especially in young animals.