Comparative analysis of biodegradation and biocompatibility of various forms of collagen materials based on dermal collagen after submucosal implantation in the oral cavity of laboratory animals

Abstract

The aim of this work was to analyze the effectiveness, biodegradation and biocompatibility of the dental material Matriflex (Biopharmaholding, Russia) in various versions (Fibro, Direct and Correct) in the context of the imported effect of Mucoderm (Botiss biomaterials, Germany) widely used in clinical practice during submucosal implantation, into the oral cavity of rabbits in the area of operational access.
Materials and methods.
In 6 animals, 4 pockets were intraoperatively formed in maxilla area, into which restrictive membranes were placed. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 14th and 90th days after surgery. In the area of implantation, dense soft tissue was measured with a dental micrometer before surgery, as well as on the 14th and 90th days after surgery. To assess biodegradation and biocompatibility, histological examination of tissues in the regions of implantation was carried out. Tissue evaluation on histological preparations wass carried out using optical microscopy, conducting semi-quantative analysis of signs of inflammation and regeneration.
Results.
All studied materials caused an increase in the volume of soft tissue in the area of their implantation. Augmentation effect during implantation of Fibro and Direct was constant both on the 14th and 90th days. At the same time, Correct and Mucoderm were characterized with the presence of positive dynamics in the increase in the volume of soft tissues on the 14th and 90th days, with a convergence of the values of the measured indicator. According to histological examination, all collagen membranes undervent complete or almost complete biodegradation by the 90th day after surgery. Biodegradation was accompained by formation in the field of implantation of autologous newly formed connective tissue. On the 14th day, a greater degree of neoangiogenesis was revealed in the area of implantation of Correct and Mucoderm compared to Fibro and Direct. On the 90th day, a greater maturity of autologous connective tissue was observed in the area of implantation of Fibro and Direct membranes, compared to Correct and Mucoderm. Also, on the 14th day of the experiment, the presence of more pronounced signs of inflammation was revealed in the area of implantation of Correct and Mucoderm membranes. On the 90th day, there were no signs of presense of inflammation in all groups.
Conclusion.
The results of the study confirm the ability of dental materials based on dermal collagen to effectively utilize the volume of soft tissue in the oral cavity. All collagen membranes studied provide good or complete biodegradation within 90 days after implantation and are biocompatible. Matriflex materials may be preferred for clinical use.