Peculiarities of biomaterials transplantation and implantation of titanium implants in atrophy of hard and soft tissues of the jaws

Abstract

The arsenal of dental transplantation and implantation technologies continues to expand. The need for new technologies is caused by the increase in elderly patients with significant defects of soft and hard tissues of the jaws. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenous and xenogeneic biomaterials for dental transplantation and subsequent implantation in conditions of significant atrophy of hard and soft tissues of the jaws.
Materials and methods.
Surgical operations were performed from 2002 to 2022 in 5,280 men and women aged 22 to 85 years in several dental clinics in Russia. From 2002 to 2007 the transplants were performed using autologous transplants derived from the bones of the chin, the tuberosity of the maxilla, the outer surface of the branch of the mandible, the crest of the iliac bone, the tibia or the venous blood of the patients themselves. In the period from 2008 to 2022 the transplantation was carried out using bone-plastic xenogeneic biomaterials of OsteoBiol (Tecnoss, Italy). All patients were implanted with titanium implants Replace Select (Nobel Biocare, Switzerland).
Results.
That with significant atrophy of soft and hard tissues of the jaws, the operation of maxillary sinus floor elevation with transplantation of autogenous bone and xenogeneic biomaterials lasted on average about 2.5 and 1.5 h, respectively. The duration of dental implantation averaged about 1.5 h in both cases. At the same time, the use of autogenous bone materials expanded the surgical field, leading to the completion of bone tissue regeneration 6—9 months after successful transplantation, which was observed in 83% of cases. In turn, transplantation of bone-plastic xenogeneic biomaterials completed engraftment and tissue ossification in 94% of cases. An original technology of maxillary sinus floor elevation in maxillary ridge atrophy, excluding Schneider's membrane perforation, and a technology of autogenous material transplantation in soft tissue deficiency under the cervical portion of the artificial crown, providing a good aesthetic result, are described. It is concluded that OsteoBiol biomaterials and Replace Select implants are safe and effective in dental engineering.
Conclusions.
1. The advantage of using autogenous materials is the possibility of transplantation in the absence of preserved biomaterials, while the disadvantage is the absence of a ready and standardized graft with invariably recurring forms, sizes and properties. 2. The advantage of preserved xenogeneic biomaterials is their standardization and full readiness for transplantation at any moment.