Assessment of cytokine status in patients with alveolitis

Abstract

Alveolitis is a common complication of inflammatory nature that occurs after tooth extraction and is accompanied by painful symptom in the area of the extracted tooth cavity. There is a significant number of factors contributing to the development of alveolitis, including the presence of somatic pathology. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the oral fluid of patients with serous alveolitis and in practically healthy people.
Materials and methods.
90 patients aged from 18 to 66 years (mean age — 41.3±1.4 years) were examined and divided into 2 groups: I (comparison) — 30 practically healthy people; II — 60 patients with serous alveolitis (main group). The clinical part included anamnesis collection, examination of the oral cavity and the well of the extracted tooth. Additional methods of research — radiography and oral fluid sampling for determination of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations.
Results.
In all patients of group II the concentration of cytokines was significantly higher than in the comparison group (p<0,001). Among practically healthy people only IL-6 secretion depended on gender (p<0,01). The level of cytokines in saliva was affected by age and chronic diseases of internal organs (p<0.05). Group II patients under 35—38 years of age had 316.4±7.2 pg/mL IL-1β, 39.86±0.3 pg/mL IL-6 and 252.3±12 pg/mL TNF-α in saliva. Regression analysis confirms the direct dependence of the concentration of the studied cytokines on sex, age and the presence of chronic diseases of internal organs (p<0.05).
Conclusion.
The concentrations of cytokines are elevated in patients with serous alveolitis compared to practically healthy people (p<0.001). Women under 42 years of age are more susceptible to alveolitis (62%) than men (38%). This fact can be explained by the fact that in women during the period of hormonal changes the level of female sex hormones is increased, which affect the fibrinolysis of the blood clot. In men, on the contrary, after 42 years of age, the risk of alveolitis increases, this fact is explained by poor oral hygiene and motivation for better oral care, as well as bad habits. In patients with serous alveolitis and chronic diseases of internal organs from 1 year and more than 5 years, the concentrations of cytokines increase, which indicates a direct correlation of these factors according to the results of regression analysis (p<0.05).