DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2024_4_76

Comparative characteristics of the species composition of the oral microbiome in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis

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Authors

  • I.A. Gimranova 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor, head of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3330-9437
  • V.A. Gritsenko 2, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor, chief researcher at the Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis
    ORCID: 0000-0002-2086-5170
  • G.M. Akmalova 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Pediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-7745-0489
  • 1 Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia
  • 2 Orenburg Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia

Abstract

The microbiota of the human oral cavity is second in species diversity only to the community of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, playing an important role in maintaining the health of the oral cavity and the body as a whole. The accumulation of bacterial plaque on teeth and gums causes an inflammatory process, which is the main pathogenetic factor in the destruction of periodontal tissues and the occurrence of periodontitis.
Materials and methods.
The microbiomes of the contents of the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets were studied in 156 people aged 26 to 59 years, including 37 patients with gingivitis, 93 with chronic generalized periodontitis and 26 healthy people who made up the comparison group. Sequencing was performed in accordance with the Illumina protocol for the preparation of 16S metagenomic libraries.
Results.
Ten phylum were identified in the studied material, of which representatives of the types Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota were most often found. Phylum types Spirochaetes, Actinobacteria and Synergistetes were found only in the contents of periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis. In patients with periodontal diseases, identified consortia of microorganisms in various combinations of Gemella haemolysans, Streptococcus anginosus, Aggregatibacter segnis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp. can become new biomarkers of periodontal diseases. The results obtained indicate significant changes in the oral microbiota in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis in comparison with healthy people, and its composition contains not individual microorganisms, but their communities, which can play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Conclusion.
The presented data substantiate the expediency of conducting modern metagenomic studies in patients with periodontal diseases, which makes it possible to study the microbial composition, identify new periodontal pathogens, their interaction, synergistic abilities and other characteristics. Such information is necessary to develop more effective ways to prevent plaque formation, maintain the natural diversity of the resident microbiota, and prevent and comprehensively treat inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Key words:

gingivitis, periodontitis, microbiome, the microbiome of the oral cavity, sequencing, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas gingivalis

For Citation

[1]
Gimranova I.A., Gritsenko V.A., Akmalova G.M. Comparative characteristics of the species composition of the oral microbiome in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2024; 27 (4): 76—81. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2024_4_76

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Received

July 16, 2024

Accepted

November 2, 2024

Published on

December 17, 2024