DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2024_4_12

The effects of smoking on periodontal health among dental students at Basrah Dental College: Consumption patterns and risk factors

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Authors

  • R.A. Radhi 1, assistant lecturer of the Periodontology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-8067-7406
  • H.J. Jebur 1, assistant lecturer of the Periodontology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-4516-2623
  • S.A. Jabbar 1, assistant lecturer of the Oral diagnosis Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-8397-0739
  • 1 University of Basrah, 61001, Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases, and recent evidence strongly suggests an adverse effect on periodontal health. Nevertheless, the nature of the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease is not clear. Smoking causes defects in neutrophil function, impairs inflammatory and immune responses to periodontal pathogens, and exerts both systemic and local effects. Aims. This study aimed to assess periodontal health of smoker and nonsmoker under graduated dental students and to determine the possible factor of smoking and its effect on periodontal health.
Material and methods.
In this study, 118 dental student participants (males only) between 18—25 years from 450 male under graduated dental student fit to the criteria of our research, were divided in two groups,61 smoker student and 57 non-smoker students. Demographic data, smoking status, and clinical periodontal parameter including plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), tooth mobility and bleeding on probing (BOP) indices were determined for each participant.
Results.
Smokers had a slightly higher PI (0.803±0.483) than that of nonsmokers (0.609±0.397, p=0.018). BOP and pocket depth tend to be greater in smokers (BOP=0.14±0.10 and PD=0.97±1.90 mm) than nonsmoker (BOP=0.13±0.09 and PD=0.72±1.57 mm). The greater percentage of students had started smoking due to friends’ influence (72%). There is a positive correlation between PD and PI for smokers (p=0.046). Also there is a positive correlation between BOP and PD for non-smokers with statistically significant difference (p=0.01). Moreover, there is a positive correlation between BOP and PD and PI for smokers (p=0.026) and there is a positive correlation between PI and BOP and PD for non-smokers with high statistically significant difference (p=0.0001).
Conclusions.
The students having friends who are smoker are the most important factors associated with smoking, furthermore the percentage of bleeding is low since the fact that smoking effect the bleed vessel and cause vasoconstriction, finally Longitudinal trials need to be performed in order to obtain more conclusive result regarding the effect of smoking in periodontal disease.

Key words:

smoking, dental students, smoker, non-smoker

For Citation

[1]
Radhi R.A., Jebur H.J., Jabbar S.A. The effects of smoking on periodontal health among dental students at Basrah Dental College: Consumption patterns and risk factors. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2024; 27 (4): 12—15. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2024_4_12

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Received

May 16, 2024

Accepted

September 16, 2024

Published on

December 17, 2024