DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2023_3_20

Current views on pathogenetic factors of periodontitis development and potential effects of ligand-associated activation of vitamin D receptors: literature review

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Authors

  • A.S. Kulikov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant at the Dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3453-5030
  • S.I. Zhad’ko 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Prosthodontics Department
  • M.A. Kriventsov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor and head of the Pathological anatomy Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-5193-4311
  • 1 Crimean Federal University, 295006, Simferopol, Russia

Abstract

Periodontitis, as a complex and multifactorial disease with a non-linear nature of progression and an imbalanced immune response, continues to be an urgent problem in dentistry, as well as the searching strategy for new highly effective methods of correction and prevention, including pathogenetically reasonable approaches to modulate the body’s immune response. The literature review presents modern key pathogenetic links and the most significant cellular subpopulations involved with the corresponding potential targets of vitamin D application. The available literature data indicate a pronounced anti-inflammatory vector of effects of vitamin D and its analogs, characterized by suppression of the destruction of E-cadherin contacts of keratinocytes, induction of polarization of monocytic and macrophageal cells towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, stimulation of a shift in the balance of Th1/Th2 cells towards T-helpers of the 2nd type, and in the balance of Th17/Treg towards regulatory T-lymphocytes. The presented data from a number of clinical studies and meta-analyses demonstrate the presence of statistically significantly lower blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with chronic periodontitis compared with healthy controls, although these studies are characterized by significant heterogeneity and variability.
Conclusion.
The available literature data indicate the presence of several key potential points of application of the effects of ligand-associated activation of vitamin D receptors in periodontitis, united by a common anti-inflammatory immunomodulation and affecting both nonspecific and adaptive immune responses. The existing prerequisites dictate the need for additional, both experimental and clinical studies aimed at identifying patterns of changes in immune reactivity directly in the periodontium under the conditions of vitamin D application.

Key words:

periodontitis, pathogenesis, vitamin D, inflammation

For Citation

[1]
Kulikov A.S., Zhad’ko S.I., Kriventsov M.A. Current views on pathogenetic factors of periodontitis development and potential effects of ligand-associated activation of vitamin D receptors: literature review. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2023; 26 (3): 20—29. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2023_3_20

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May 30, 2023

Accepted

July 25, 2023

Published on

September 24, 2023