DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_52

Features of the course of chronic generalized periodontitis after a coronavirus infection

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Authors

  • M.A. Amkhadova 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Surgical Dentistry and Implantology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-9105-0796
  • N.B. Petrukhina 2, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Clinical pharmacology and internal diseases propaedeutics Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-1649-6448
  • I.V. Sandler 1, postgraduate at the the Surgical Dentistry and Implantology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-2326-7774
  • V.M. Polyakov 3, postgraduate at the Dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-7477-3810
  • A.A. Demidova 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor and head of the Medical and biological physics Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3545-9359
  • M.V. Saltovets 4, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Clinical, surgical, and maxillofacial surgery Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-0673-2555
  • 1 Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 129110, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
  • 3 Rostov State Medical University, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
  • 4 Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, 357532, Pyatigorsk, Russia

Abstract

Systemic hyperinflammatory manifestations are a likely common pathogenetic link between COVID-19 and periodontal disease, mutually worsening the joint course of the two diseases. Aim — to study the direction of changes in periodontal status in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) after a coronavirus infection and to establish the effect of COVID-19 drug therapy on the course of inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Materials and methods.
The study included 155 patients with CGP of moderate and severe severity after suffering COVID-19 and the duration of the post-COVID phase of 3—6 months (main group), as well as 89 patients with CGP without a history of coronavirus infection (control group). All 244 patients 6—12 months before the exacerbation of CGP within the framework of dental monitoring were examined by a dentist and questioned to fix the state of the periodontium.
Results.
An optimized questionnaire has been developed to collect information about the patient’s periodontal status and anamnestic features. In the main group, the progredient course was set at 41.3%, and in the control group at 18%. Among the patients of the main group with the progression of CGP, a systemic inflammatory reaction in the form of a cytokine storm was observed in 89.1%, and in patients with a stable course of CGP, a systemic increase in IL-6 occurred in 53.8%. In stable CGP, the use of antibiotic therapy was more frequent compared with patients in whom CGP progressed (84.6 vs. 40.6%, p<0.0001). The unfavorable course of CGP after a viral infection is associated with the use of glucocorticoids as immunosuppressants. The progression of periodontal inflammatory changes was the least common with the use of anticytokine therapy (3.5%) and was observed in 15.8% with the use of JAK-STAT inhibitors.
Conclusion.
The progredient course of CGP is associated with a new coronavirus infection and depends on the type of drug therapy for COVID-19.

Key words:

chronic generalized periodontitis, new coronavirus infection, cytokine storm, immunosuppressive therapy, antibiotic therapy

For Citation

[1]
Amkhadova M.A., Petrukhina N.B., Sandler I.V., Polyakov V.M., Demidova A.A., Saltovets M.V. Features of the course of chronic generalized periodontitis after a coronavirus infection. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2023; 26 (2): 52—56. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_52

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Received

February 27, 2023

Accepted

April 16, 2023

Published on

July 6, 2023