Augmentation alveolar ridge of the jaws to dental implantation in case of significant bone atrophy

Abstract

Restoration of chewing efficiency and elimination of aesthetic defect associated with the absence of teeth is an actual topic, especially in cases where there is a defect of bone tissue associated with either long-term tooth absence and bone resorption, or trauma or tumor process. Many techniques have been proposed to eliminate such defects of the jaw and reconstruct the alveolar process of the upper jaw or the alveolar part of the lower jaw. There are 3 main operative techniques: the use of autogenous bone chips and autogenous bone blocks, the use of the principles of guided bone regeneration (GBR) with resorbable and non-resorbable membranes and various combinations of these techniques. Purpose of the study - increase the effectiveness of treatment for patients with defects of the alveolar process of the upper jaw and the alveolar part of the lower jaw for further dental implantation. . 137 people took part in the study from 2019 to 2021, 50 of them men and 87 women. Bone grafting was performed using the above techniques in all cases. 50 of these patients got a questionnaire, which reflects the severity of the pain syndrome in conditional points and the duration of postoperative tumor. . 134 patients achieved a good result; the volume of bone tissue was enough for dental implants. In one case (GBR), the augmentate turned out to be loose, in two more cases (bone block grafting), the implants had to be removed after 3-4 weeks, as a result of their mobility and progressive bone loss. According to the survey data, the results were practically no different from each other, both indicate a similar discomfort received from these 2 types of surgery. . Reconstruction the alveolar bone allows to achieve good results for dental implantation in the future, however, the use of autogenous bone chips and autogenous bone blocks allows to get bone substitute, that close to natural bone and in a shorter time.