History of dental implants evolution (literature review)

Abstract

A dental implant is a structure made of alloplastic materials and implanted into the tissues of the oral cavity to ensure the retention and support of a fixed or removable denture. Since the beginning of the XX century, dentists have increased their interest in dental implantation. To replace their own teeth, doctors tried to use various implant designs from most of the materials known at that time. However, the development of modern implant designs can be attributed to the second half of the XX century, or rather to the work of the founder of modern implantation, Professor Per-Ingvar Branemark from the University of Gothenburg (Sweden). From that moment on, dental implants began to be actively introduced into dentistry. To date, dental implantation is increasingly being used in practical dentistry. The use of dental implantation has allowed to expand the range of therapeutic measures, as well as to improve the quality of life of patients with hypodentia and oligodentia. An urgent task at all times has been to reduce complications during dental implantation by creating new implant systems, developing new surgical techniques, and using various methods to stimulate osseointegration. The main factors determining which system of intraosseous implants was chosen instead of another were: design, surface roughness, features of prosthetics, ease of insertion into the bone, cost, how successful they were over a certain period of time. This review presents a brief chronological sequence of the history of dental implants developed during the period from the beginning of the XX century to 2021. The achievements of dentists from all over the world who have made the most significant scientific and practical contribution to the development of implantology, as well as the most modern developments currently present in the dental market, are presented.