DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2021_4_18

Methods of crystallography of oral fluid (a review)

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Authors

  • L.A. Simonyan 1, assistant at the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-0265-1988
  • L.M. Lomiashvili 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department, dean of the Dentistry Faculty
    ORCID: 0000-0003-1678-4658
  • I.V. Anisimova 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-0251-5545
  • O.I. Marshalok 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-7643-1139
  • 1 Omsk State Medical University, 644099, Omsk, Russia

Abstract

Oral fluid is a multicomponent and multifunctional biological material of the human body. Many researchers believe that saliva can serve as an indicator of physiological and pathological processes in the body of an individual. The section of medicine devoted to the study of saliva is known in the scientific literature as saliva diagnostics. The main advantages of this type of diagnostics are non-invasiveness and lack of emotional stress in the patient. However, saliva diagnostics, along with advantages, has certain disadvantages, which consist in the lack of standardization of the collection of biomaterials, generally accepted diagnostic methods and interpretation of the results obtained. Despite the disadvantages, saliva diagnostics is widely used to study in chemical composition and physical properties of saliva, the rate of salivation, as well as the microcrystalline pattern in a dried droplet of saliva (facies) using crystallography. A total of 53 scientific papers were reviewed for the period 1995—2021 (35 domestic and 18  foreign). Today there are crystalloscopic, tezigraphic and experimental crystalloscopic methods of crystallography. The crystalloscopic method of crystallography is based on obtaining the facies of a biological fluid by its crystallization. The tezigraphic method consists in initiated crystallogenesis, that is, the introduction of basic chemicals in order to activate crystallogenesis. Experimental crystalloscopic methods of crystallography combine all operations carried out with liquid biomaterial before and/or during dehydration to study the influence of external and internal factors on the result of drying out of biological fluid.
Conclusion.
Analysis of the literature shows that there is a sufficient variety of methods for crystallography of the oral fluid. Saliva diagnostics with the use of crystallography is a rapidly developing promising diagnostic direction in medicine, which makes it possible to identify pathological processes in the human body.

Key words:

oral fluid, saliva diagnostics, crystallography, microcrystallization

For Citation

[1]
Simonyan L.A., Lomiashvili L.M., Anisimova I.V., Marshalok O.I. Methods of crystallography of oral fluid (a review). Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2021; 24 (4): 18—23. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2021_4_18

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Received

October 29, 2021

Accepted

November 28, 2021

Published on

December 1, 2021