Oral health status of children with autism spectrum disorder

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Authors

  • L.P. Kiselnikova 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Paediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-2095-9473
  • M.P. Lyamtseva 1, postgraduate at the Paediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-2158-8010
  • A.A. Bashtovoy 2, 3, PhD in Medical sciences, associate professor of the Dentistry Department; acting chief medical officer
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3642-967X
  • T.A. Dobrolezheva 1, resident at the Paediatric dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-9447-5207
  • 1 Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential affairs, 121359, Moscow, Russia
  • 3 Dental Polyclinic No. 66, 109316, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the third most common developmental disabilities after mental retardation and cerebral palsy. The main signs of ASD are stereotypical behavior, weakening of social interaction and impaired communication. Children with ASD are poor in communication, social interaction and may exhibit unwanted behavior, which makes it difficult to perform dental procedures. The aim of the study is to study the dental status of children with autism spectrum disorder depending on their communication skills.
Materials and methods.
A survey was conducted of 160 children with autism spectrum disorder aged 3 to 16 years, including 83 children with sufficiently developed receptive and expressive speech (verbal) and 77 non-speaking or having the form of speech in the form of echolalia (non-verbal). The children were divided into 3 groups. The study of the main parameters of the dental status was carried out.
Results.
The results showed a low level of dental health among children with ASD, poor oral hygiene in both verbal and non-verbal children (4.50±0.12), 100% prevalence of dental caries in all groups of children and a higher level of caries among children who do not use speech when communicating (CAST index 19.90±3.28). When assessing the state of periodontal tissues according to the PMA index, non-verbal children showed an average degree of gingival erythema (30.80±4.25) and verbal ones — mild (16.70±3.47).
Conclusion.
The data obtained show a high need for children with ASD in dental rehabilitation, depending on their communication skills

Key words:

children, autism spectrum disorder, dental status

For Citation

[1]
Kiselnikova L.P., Lyamtseva M.P., Bashtovoy A.A., Dobrolezheva T.A. Oral health status of children with autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2021; 24 (3): 12—17

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Received

December 1, 2020

Accepted

July 16, 2021

Published on

September 1, 2021