DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2025_3_22

Molar-incisor hypomineralization: an overview of current concepts, diagnosis, and treatment options

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Authors

  • E.O. Bochkovskaya 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3064-6972
  • N.L. Marienko 2, pediatric dentist
    ORCID: 0009-0000-7963-3211
  • 1 Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, 191015, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • 2 “Atribeaute Kids” Dental Clinic, 191015, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a disturbance of enamel mineralization affecting the first permanent molars and incisors. The term was first introduced by Weerheijm et al. in 2001. Current research shows that MIH prevalence varies from 2.3% to 40,7% depending on the region and diagnostic criteria. This review of current understanding is based on systematic analysis of publications over the past 10 years, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical studies. Data from the European and American Academies of Pediatric Dentistry, national research, as well as original studies on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH were utilized. Despite active study of MIH, unresolved questions remain regarding the precise mechanisms of disease development, standardization of diagnosis, and development of optimal therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on clarifying etiological factors, improving diagnostic methods, and finding new approaches to therapy.

Key words:

molar-incisor hypomineralization, enamel, diagnosis, treatment, etiology, prevention, restoration, crowns

For Citation

[1]
Bochkovskaya E.O., Marienko N.L. Molar-incisor hypomineralization: an overview of current concepts, diagnosis, and treatment options. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2025; 28 (3): 22—29. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2025_3_22

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Received

March 2, 2025

Accepted

July 11, 2025

Published on

September 21, 2025