DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2025_4_174

Adhesion of oral microbiota representatives to polymethylmethacrylate samples with a polyetheretherketone framework: an in vitro study

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Authors

  • K.G. Akhmedov 1, assistant at the Surgical dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0009-0000-5195-3942
  • V.N. Tsarev 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Microbiology, virology, immunology Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-3311-0367
  • D.S. Arutyunov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Propaedeutics and prosthodontics technology Department
    ORCID: 0009-0002-9325-2751
  • M.V. Lomakin 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Surgical dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-3739-6275
  • S.M. Mustafaeva 2, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Institute of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery
    ORCID: 0000-0003-2645-4089
  • D.V. Shortanova 2, assistant at the Institute of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery
    ORCID: 0009-0003-1994-102X
  • D.I. Polyakov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Prosthodontics and digital technologies Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-1284-0093
  • A.A. Pivovarov 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Prosthodontics and digital technologies Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-9778-0258
  • E.V. Kravchuk 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Healthcare management Department
  • 1 Russian University of Medicine, 127006, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Kabardino-Balkarian State University, 360004, Nalchik, Russia
  • 3 Voronezh State Medical University, 394036, Voronezh, Russia

Abstract

Fracture of complete removable denture (CRD) bases is common in contemporary prosthodontic practice. High-strength polymer reinforcing meshes, particularly polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), may serve as an alternative because they can chemically bond to PMMA and increase structural durability. In addition, the base composition can influence microbial adhesion—an important factor for preventing biodeterioration and infectious complications. Objectives — evaluate the effect of integrating a PEEK framework into the denture-base structure on adhesion of marker oral microorganisms, taking into account their specific interactions with composite materials.
Materials and methods.
Compared monolithic PMMA specimens (heat- and cold-cured), monolithic PEEK, and two PMMA+PEEK composites with a perforated ring-type framework and stoppers of different heights (0.5 mm on both sides; 1.0 mm on one side) (n=5 per group). Test strains: Streptococcus sanguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans. The adhesion index (Ia) was defined as the fraction of cells retained after standardized inoculation and washing. Significance threshold: α=0.05.
Results.
On PMMA, bacterial Ia values were 0.54—0.70 (“substantial”), while C. albicans reached 0.74—0.75 (“high”). Relative to PMMA, PEEK showed lower Ia for Str. sanguinis (0.55 vs 0.69—0.70), P. gingivalis (0.34 vs 0.54), and C. albicans (0.59 vs 0.74—0.75) (all p<0.05); for S. aureus no difference was detected (0.66 vs 0.67—0.69; p>0.05). PMMA+PEEK composites showed lower Ia than PMMA for P. gingivalis (0.47—0.49 vs 0.54; p<0.05) and numerically lower values for Str. sanguinis (0.55—0.58 vs 0.69—0.70) and C. albicans (0.65—0.68 vs 0.74—0.75); for S. aureus differences were not significant (0.65—0.66 vs 0.67—0.69).
Conclusions.
Embedding a perforated PEEK framework in PMMA reduces adhesion of P. gingivalis and tends to reduce adhesion of Str. sanguinis and C. albicans, without affecting S. aureus. These findings support the bioinert properties of PEEK and its potential to limit microbial contamination of denture bases.

Key words:

dental prosthesis, removable, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetheretherketone, microbial adhesion, oral microbiota, prosthesis failure, surface properties

For Citation

[1]
Akhmedov K.G., Tsarev V.N., Arutyunov D.S., Lomakin M.V., Mustafaeva S.M., Shortanova D.V., Polyakov D.I., Pivovarov A.A., Kravchuk E.V. Adhesion of oral microbiota representatives to polymethylmethacrylate samples with a polyetheretherketone framework: an in vitro study. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2025; 28 (4): 174—180. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2025_4_174

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Received

March 3, 2025

Accepted

September 30, 2025

Published on

December 18, 2025