DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2025_4_88

Residual monomer release dynamics in heat- and cold-cured dental polymethyl methacrylates: a pilot study

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Authors

  • Ya.N. Kharakh 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Prosthodontics and digital technologies Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-7181-8211
  • L.V. Dubova 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Orthopedic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0003-2651-2699
  • O.I. Manin 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, professor of the Orthopedic dentistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-7317-9799
  • S.V. Stakhanova 2, PhD in Chemical Sciences, associate professor and head of the Analytical chemistry Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-3397-9556
  • N.V. Mikhailova 2, 3, engineer at the Analytical chemistry Department; postgraduate
    ORCID: 0009-0007-8831-2488
  • A.I. Salimon 4, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, senior lecturer of the Hierarchically Structured Materials Lab
    ORCID: 0000-0002-9048-8083
  • I.A. Zorin 4, postgraduate at the Hierarchically Structured Materials Lab
    ORCID: 0000-0001-9349-2494
  • Iu.A. Sadykova 4, аспирант лаборатории иерархически структурированных материалов
    ORCID: 0009-0003-5796-832X
  • E.S. Statnik 4, PhD, researcher at the Hierarchically Structured Materials Lab
    ORCID: 0000-0002-1105-9206
  • A.M. Korsunsky 4, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, full professor of the Hierarchically Structured Materials Lab
    ORCID: 0000-0002-3558-5198
  • V.P. Chuev 5, Doctor of Science in Engineering, professor of the Medical and technical systems Department
    ORCID: 0000-0002-1033-0789
  • E.V. Kravchuk 6, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Healthcare management Department
  • S.D. Arutyunov 1, Doctor of Science in Medicine, full professor of the Prosthodontics and digital technologies Department
    ORCID: 0000-0001-6512-8724
  • 1 Russian University of Medicine, 127006, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047, Москва, Россия
  • 3 NUST MISIS, 119049, Moscow, Russia
  • 4 Skoltech, 121205, Moscow, Russia
  • 5 Belgorod State National Research University, 308015, Belgorod, Russia
  • 6 Voronezh State Medical University, 394036, Voronezh, Russia

Abstract

Residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a risk factor in removable prostheses due to its potential cytotoxicity. Objective. To assess the release dynamics of MMA from domestically produced heat- and cold-cured PMMA samples during the first 10 days post-polymerization.
Materials and methods.
Standardized specimens (10×10×4 mm) were fabricated from heat-cured PMMA and cold-cured PMMA. Samples were stored in deionized water at 37°C, and the MMA concentration in the eluates was measured on days 1, 3, 6, and 10 by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
Results.
In the heat-cured group, the mean MMA concentration ranged from 0.237 to 0.641 µg/mL (p=0.480), while in the cold-cured group it ranged from 0.796 to 5.443 µg/mL (p=0.109). No statistically significant changes in MMA levels were observed over the monitoring period (p> 0.05).
Conclusions.
Under the conditions tested—storage in deionized water for up to 10 days—the storage duration does not affect the residual monomer content in PMMA. These findings are important for developing PMMA post-curing protocols prior to clinical application.

Key words:

polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, denture bases, electrophoresis, capillary, time factors

For Citation

[1]
Kharakh Ya.N., Dubova L.V., Manin O.I., Stakhanova S.V., Mikhailova N.V., Salimon A.I., Zorin I.A., Sadykova Iu.A., Statnik E.S., Korsunsky A.M., Chuev V.P., Kravchuk E.V., Arutyunov S.D. Residual monomer release dynamics in heat- and cold-cured dental polymethyl methacrylates: a pilot study. Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2025; 28 (4): 88—95. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2025_4_88

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Received

August 21, 2025

Accepted

October 7, 2025

Published on

December 18, 2025