DOI:

10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_38

Characteristics of the oral microbiota in patients with diseases of mouth mucosa after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Downloads

Authors

  • I.M. Rabinovich 1, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8539-814X
  • O.S. Gileva 2, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Therapeutic dentistry and dentistry diseases propaedeutics Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4289-6285
  • G.M. Akmalova 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor of the Pediatric dentistry and orthodontics Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8487-1879
  • M.F. Kabirova 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, full professor, dean of the Dentistry faculty
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0372-8617
  • I.A. Gimranova 3, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant professor, acting head of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3330-9437
  • B.K. Urgunaliev 4, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor and head of the Surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5581-7136
  • A.A. Aznagulov 5, chief physician
    ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9891-2398
  • G.F. Hasanova 3, senior lecturer of the Fundamental and applied microbiology Department
    ORCID ID: 0009-0005-0867-4653
  • G.R. Gazizullina 3, head of the Human microbiome Lab
    ORCID ID: 0009-0005-2508-7901
  • N.D. Chernysheva 6, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Therapeutic dentistry and dentistry diseases propaedeutics Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7351-4502
  • A.A. Epishova 6, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Therapeutic dentistry and dentistry diseases propaedeutics Department
    ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8449-077X
  • 1 Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Perm State Medical University, 614000, Perm, Russia
  • 3 Bashkir State Medical University, 450000, Ufa, Russia
  • 4 Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbayev, 720020, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  • 5 Dental Polyclinic no. 2, 450075, Ufa, Russia
  • 6 Ural State Medical University, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Abstract

Even asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 in the long term after infection can have adverse consequences, primarily associated with a violation (often weakening) of the immune system, including local oral immunity. In maintaining the necessary balance of immune homeostasis of the human body, a significant role is given to the state of the human microbiome. The aim of the work was to study the species and quantitative composition of the oral microbiota in patients with diseases of the oral mucosa in the post-COVID period.
Materials and methods.
We examined 48 patients who applied for dental care for exacerbation of diseases of the oral mucosa, such as lichen planus (LP) and recurrent aphthae. Depending on the past history of COVID-19, patients were divided into 2 groups: I — 26 patients who recovered from a new coronavirus infection; II — 22 patients without a history of COVID-19.
Results.
One of the dominant in terms of quantitative indicators of microbial contamination and the frequency of detection in all patients was the association of Streptococcus spp. with Staphylococcus aureus against the background of a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp. The average concentration of S. mutans (6.09±0.94 lg CFU/ml) in group I was significantly higher than in group II (4.36±0.80 lg CFU/ml; p<0.001). S. mitis occurred in both groups, but in group I 1.7 times more often, in 46% of cases, than in group II (27%). In 55% of patients of group I, S. aureus was isolated on average in the amount of 3.09±2.98 lg CFU/ml, which is significantly more than in patients of group II (1.09±1.38 lg CFU/ml; p<0.05) isolated in 46% of cases. In patients of group I, the highest increase in the number of S. mutans was observed than in group II (4.67±1.83 and 3.45±1.12 lg CFU/ml, respectively), and the incidence rate was lower by 7% in group I group (93 and 100%, respectively). In more than 1/2 patients with LP after COVID-19 (group I), a diagnostically significant increase in contamination with Candida spp. — 3.09±2.11 lg CFU/ml.
Conclusion.
The obtained results indicate negative trends in the oral health of the examined patients with diseases of the oral mucosa in the post-COVID period, associated with significant changes in the composition of the oral microbiota.

Key words:

COVID-19, local immunity, postcovid period, diseases of the oral mucosa, oral microbiota

For Citation

[1]
Rabinovich I.M., Gileva O.S., Akmalova G.M., Kabirova M.F., Gimranova I.A., Urgunaliev B.K., Aznagulov A.A., Hasanova G.F., Gazizullina G.R., Chernysheva N.D., Epishova A.A. Characteristics of the oral microbiota in patients with diseases of mouth mucosa after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical Dentistry (Russia).  2023; 26 (2): 38—43. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2023_2_38

References

  1. Trypsteen W., Van Cleemput J., Snippenberg W.V., Gerlo S., Vandekerckhove L. On the whereabouts of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body: A systematic review. PLoS Pathog. 2020; 16 (10): e1009037. PMID: 33125439
  2. Gileva O.S., Libik T.V., Gibadullina N.V., Sivak E.Yu., Gavrilenko M.S., Beleva N.S., Zadorina I.I. Key dental challenges during COVID-19 pandemic: oral health monitoring in patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases. Stomatology. 2021; 6—2: 8—15 (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 47698607
  3. Malkova A., Kudryavtsev I., Starshinova A., Kudlay D., Zinchenko Y., Glushkova A., Yablonskiy P., Shoenfeld Y. Post COVID-19 syndrome in patients with asymptomatic/mild form. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (11): 1408. PMID: 34832564
  4. Soffritti I., D.‘Accolti M., Fabbri C., Passaro A., Manfredini R., Zuliani G., Libanore M., Franchi M., Contini C., Caselli E. Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with symptoms severity and local immune/inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12: 687513. PMID: 34248910
  5. Cagna D.R., Donovan T.E., McKee J.R., Eichmiller F., Metz J.E., Albouy J.P., Marzola R., Murphy K.R., Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; 122 (3): 198—269. PMID: 31405523
  6. Gileva O.S., Feldblum I.V., Libik T.V., Baydarov A.A., Smetanin D.G., Chuprakova E.V., Sivak E.Yu., Syutkina E.S. Key dental challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interdisciplinary platform. Pediatric Dentistry and Profilaxis. 2021; 1 (77): 61—65 (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 45574240
  7. Wilks J., Golovkina T. Influence of microbiota on viral infections. PLoS Pathog. 2012; 8 (5): e1002681. PMID: 22615558
  8. He J., Li Y., Cao Y., Xue J., Zhou X. The oral microbiome diversity and its relation to human diseases. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2015; 60 (1): 69—80. PMID: 25147055
  9. Bassis C.M., Erb-Downward J.R., Dickson R.P., Freeman C.M., Schmidt T.M., Young V.B., Beck J.M., Curtis J.L., Huffnagle G.B. Analysis of the upper respiratory tract microbiotas as the source of the lung and gastric microbiotas in healthy individuals. mBio. 2015; 6 (2): e00037. PMID: 25736890
  10. Lynch S.V. Viruses and microbiome alterations. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014; 11 Suppl 1: S57—60. PMID: 24437408
  11. Soltani S., Zakeri A., Zandi M., Kesheh M.M., Tabibzadeh A., Dastranj M., Faramarzi S., Didehdar M., Hafezi H., Hosseini P., Farahani A. The role of bacterial and fungal human respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Biomed Res Int. 2021; 2021: 6670798. PMID: 33681368
  12. Hussain I., Cher G.L.Y., Abid M.A., Abid M.B. Role of gut microbiome in COVID-19: An insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 765965. PMID: 34721437
  13. Xiang Z., Koo H., Chen Q., Zhou X., Liu Y., Simon-Soro A. Potential implications of SARS-CoV-2 oral infection in the host microbiota. J Oral Microbiol. 2020; 13 (1): 1853451. PMID: 33312449
  14. Marouf N., Cai W., Said K.N., Daas H., Diab H., Chinta V.R., Hssain A.A., Nicolau B., Sanz M., Tamimi F. Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021; 48 (4): 483—491. PMID: 33527378
  15. Yakovlev S.V., Shcheka D.V., Suvorova M.P., Sergeeva E.V., Cherkasova N.A. Infective endocarditis of staphylococcal etiology: clinical process and antibacterial therapy. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2009; 5—6: 59—64 (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 21249242
  16. Chesnokov V.A., Chesnokova M.G. The mycobiota of tunica mucosa of mouth and surface of removable acrylic laminar dental prosthesis under orthopedic rehabilitation. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2016; 2: 126—128 (In Russian). eLIBRARY ID: 25792526
  17. Tsarev V.N. Microbiology, virology, immunology. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019. Pp. 135—140 (In Russian).
  18. de Oliveira G.L.V., Oliveira C.N.S., Pinzan C.F., de Salis L.V.V., Cardoso C.R.B. Microbiota modulation of the gut-lung axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 635471. PMID: 33717181
  19. Sampson V., Kamona N., Sampson A. Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? Br Dent J. 2020; 228 (12): 971—975. PMID: 32591714

Downloads

Received

March 28, 2023

Accepted

June 7, 2023

Published on

July 6, 2023